A hydrocele is a usually benign scrotal swelling that occurs when more fluid than normal accumulates between the membrane layers surrounding the testicles. It is often popularly described as “water collecting around the testicle.”
Causes
A hydrocele can develop through different mechanisms:
- Congenital causes
– in infancy and childhood - Trauma
– impacts to the testicular area - Infections
– after epididymitis or orchitis - Reactive fluid accumulation developing after surgery
- Rarely, other underlying testicular diseases
Symptoms
A hydrocele often progresses slowly and silently:
- Gradually increasing swelling in the testicle
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- Usually a painless mass
- Discomfort when walking or sitting in large hydroceles
Clinical significance
A hydrocele is usually a benign condition. However:
- As it grows, it can reduce comfort in daily life
- It can mask another underlying testicular disease
- It can cause cosmetic and psychological discomfort
Treatment options
Treatment is determined according to the patient’s complaint and the size of the hydrocele:
- Monitoring (in small and asymptomatic cases)
- Surgery (hydrocelectomy)
– the definitive treatment method - Draining the fluid with a needle (aspiration)
– a temporary solution with a high risk of recurrence
Surgical treatment provides a permanent solution by removing or repairing the membrane of the hydrocele.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does a hydrocele turn into cancer?
No. A hydrocele is a benign fluid accumulation and does not turn into cancer.
Does a hydrocele cause pain?
It is usually painless. However, in very large hydroceles there may be a feeling of heaviness and discomfort.
Is surgery mandatory?
It is not necessary for small hydroceles that cause no complaints. However, surgery is recommended in cases that grow and affect quality of life.
Does a hydrocele recur?
The risk of recurrence after surgery is low. When drained with a needle, however, the likelihood of recurrence is high.
Clinical Summary
A hydrocele is a scrotal fluid accumulation that mostly follows a benign course but can grow over time and cause discomfort for the patient. The definitive treatment is surgical, and with correct patient selection, quite successful results are achieved.
