Testicular torsion is a condition in which the spermatic cord becomes compressed as a result of the testicle twisting on itself, and consequently the blood flow to the testicle is completely or partially cut off. It is one of the most urgent surgical situations in urology.
Because the blood flow is cut off, the testicular tissue is rapidly deprived of oxygen, and if time is lost, irreversible damage can develop.
Symptoms
Testicular torsion usually begins suddenly and progresses quickly:
- Sudden and very severe testicular pain
- Rapidly developing swelling in the scrotum
- Nausea and vomiting
- The testicle appearing to be pulled upward
- Extreme tenderness to the touch
- Sometimes it can be confused with abdominal pain
Why is it so urgent?
Because the blood flow to the testicle is cut off, the tissue is deprived of oxygen. This can lead to:
- Tissue damage within hours
- The risk of permanent loss of the testicle within 6 to 12 hours
- The risk of infertility in case of delay
Treatment
Testicular torsion requires emergency surgery:
- Untwisting the testicle with emergency surgery (detorsion)
- Fixing the testicle in place so that it does not twist again (orchiopexy)
- Fixing the opposite testicle as well if necessary
In some early cases, manual correction can be attempted, but the definitive treatment is surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does testicular torsion go away on its own?
No. This condition does not resolve on its own and always requires emergency intervention.
Within how long must intervention take place?
The first 6 hours are the most critical period. In situations exceeding 12 hours, the risk of losing the testicle increases significantly.
Does the pain start suddenly?
Yes. It usually begins with sudden and very severe pain without any warning.
Does the loss of a single testicle cause infertility?
In unilateral losses, hormone levels and fertility can be preserved in most patients, but the risk should be evaluated.
Clinical Summary
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that manifests with sudden, severe pain and is a race against time. Early diagnosis and rapid surgical intervention are the only determining factor for saving the testicle.
