Undescended testicle is the condition in which the testicles do not settle into the scrotum (sac) after birth. During normal development, the testicles descend from within the abdomen in the womb and settle into the sac. However, in some children this descent is not completed.
This condition can be one-sided or two-sided, and if it is not noticed and treated early, it can lead to infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer in later years.
Clinical Importance
An undescended testicle is not just a cosmetic problem. The testicle remaining higher than where it should be:
- Can impair sperm production due to the increase in temperature
- Can negatively affect testicular development
- Can increase the risk of developing cancer in the future
For this reason, early intervention is critically important.
Symptoms
- The testicle not being palpable in the sac
- Feeling of emptiness in the scrotum
- Asymmetric appearance
- In some cases, a palpable mass in the groin
Diagnostic Methods
- Detailed physical examination (the most important step)
- Ultrasonography (in suspicious cases)
- Advanced imaging methods when necessary
Treatment Approach (Surgery as the Priority)
In an undescended testicle, the most effective and permanent treatment is surgery.
Orchiopexy (Gold Standard)
- Surgically bringing the testicle down into the sac and fixing it in place
- Usually performed between 6
to 18 months - The earlier it is done, the better the testicular functions are preserved
With surgery, the testicle is brought into its normal position and the serious risks that may occur in the future are minimized.
Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Laparoscopic surgery (for testicles within the abdomen)
- The advantage of smaller incisions and rapid recovery
Why Early Surgery?
- Sperm production is preserved
- Testicular development is supported
- The risk of cancer is reduced
- Psychological and cosmetic problems are prevented
Frequently Asked Questions
Does an undescended testicle correct itself?
It may descend on its own within the first 6 months. However, after this period the likelihood of improvement is low and surgery is required.
What happens if the surgery is delayed?
In case of delay:
- The risk of infertility increases
- Testicular functions can be impaired
- The risk of developing testicular cancer rises
Is the surgery difficult?
No. Orchiopexy is a short procedure with a high success rate in experienced hands.
What is recovery like after surgery?
Children usually return to their normal lives within a short time. The hospital stay is short.
Does it pose a risk if it is one-sided?
Yes. Even if it is one-sided, it must definitely be treated.
Clinical Summary
Undescended testicle is an important pediatric urology problem that must be noticed and treated at an early stage. Thanks to surgery (orchiopexy), which forms the basis of treatment, testicular functions are preserved and serious risks that may occur in the future are prevented.
